安装sudo
apt install sudo
添加用户到sudo
usermod -aG sudo username
设置静态ip
备份配置文件
sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.bak
修改配置文件
sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
原配置文件内容
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
修改后内容
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.10.10.101
netmast 255.255.255.0
gateway 10.10.10.1
dns-nameservers 10.10.10.1
重启网络服务
sudo systemctl restart networking
更换软件源
备份软件源配置文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
打开源配置
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
替换security.debian.org为repo.huaweicloud.com
修改后的source.list如下:
# deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main
deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
# bullseye-updates, to get updates before a point release is made;
# see https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch02.en.html#_updates_and_backports
deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
更新
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
增加别名
编辑home目录下的.bashrc文件
nano .bashrc
增加一行
alias ll='ls -lha'
重新加载
source .bashrc
设置硬盘
初始化硬盘
用lsblk查看硬盘
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1
sudo fdisk /dev/sdd
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdd1
sudo fdisk /dev/sde
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sde1
挂载硬盘
创建挂载点目录
sudo mkdir /mnt/disk{1,2,3,4}
sudo mkdir /mnt/storage
用UUID来挂载
使用blkid命令查看硬盘uuid
备份/etc/fstab
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
往/etc/fstab追加硬盘uuid信息方便后续修改
sudo blkid | grep "/dev/sd" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
修改/etc/fstab挂载硬盘
sudo nano /etc/fstab
编辑挂载信息
# data disks
UUID=1daa1624-f850-4b99-8398-86058af157ab /mnt/disk1 ext4 noatime,rw 0 0
UUID=e8dafdfd-323a-40a4-97bc-139eaf0f544e /mnt/disk2 ext4 noatime,rw 0 0
UUID=dbbc75b7-9cf1-47f4-894b-5218e291832b /mnt/disk3 ext4 noatime,rw 0 0
UUID=ea136fb4-725a-4c45-aa2c-43f77751c66a /mnt/disk4 ext4 noatime,rw 0 0
挂载硬盘
sudo mount -a
检查挂载是否成功
df -h
mergerfs
安装
安装依赖
sudo apt install fuse
安装mergerfs
wget https://github.com/trapexit/mergerfs/releases/download/2.33.3/mergerfs_2.33.3.debian-bullseye_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mergerfs_2.33.3.debian-bullseye_amd64.deb
编辑/etc/fstab添加以下内容
# mergerfs
/mnt/disk* /mnt/storage fuse.mergerfs allow_other,use_ino,cache.files=off,dropcacheonclose=true,category.create=mfs,ignorepponrename=true,minfreespace=1G 0 0
挂载硬盘
sudo mount -a
检查挂载是否成功
df -h
修改权限
sudo chown -R vm:vm /mnt/disk1
sudo chown -R vm:vm /mnt/disk2
sudo chown -R vm:vm /mnt/disk3
sudo chown -R vm:vm /mnt/disk4
sudo chown -R vm:vm /mnt/storage
设置samba共享
安装samba
sudo apt update
sudo apt install samba
查看smbd服务是否开启
sudo systemctl status smbd
如果开启就关闭服务
sudo systemctl stop smbd
备份配置文件
sudo mv /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak
创建新的配置文件
sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
编辑如下内容
[global]
server string = debian Server
workgroup = WORKGROUP
security = user
map to guest = Bad User
name resolve order = bcast host
include = /etc/samba/shares.conf
创建单独的shares配置文件
sudo nano /etc/samba/shares.conf
编辑如下内容
[storage]
path = /mnt/storage
# force user = vm
# force group = vm
valid users = me
create mask = 0664
force create mode = 0664
directory mask = 0775
force directory mode = 0775
public = yes
writable = yes
设置对应用户vm的samba登录密码
sudo smbpasswd -a vm
启动smbd服务
sudo systemctl start smbd
安装docker
安装https支持
sudo apt install ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release
添加docker官方GPG key
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
添加稳定版仓库
echo \
"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \
$(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
安装docker
sudo apt update
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
安装docker-compose
sudo curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.2.3/docker-compose-linux-`uname -m` > ./docker-compose
sudo chmod +x ./docker-compose
sudo mv ./docker-compose /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
添加vm用户docker启动权限
sudo usermod -aG docker vm
切换用户后生效
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